Opening A New Independent Pharmacy 101

Opening the "green pharmacy".

Drugs that flow from humans into the environment may include the lingering analgesic diclofenac, the long-lasting antiepileptic carbamazepine, the omnipresent antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and even seemingly mundane painkillers like ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, and naproxen, not to mention synthetic estrogens. The problem has led to government hearings at the state and federal levels and to scientific m...

Mouth opening: a new angle.

BACKGROUND The authors hypothesized that craniocervical extension occurs during normal mouth opening. METHODS Twenty volunteers were studied. Interdental distance was measured at four different degrees of craniocervical extension. RESULTS Interdental distance increased from 28 mm (95% confidence interval, 25-30) in slight flexion to 46 mm (95% confidence interval, 42-49) at full extension. ...

Opening a new path to lipoic acid.

Lipoic acid (Fig. 1) is a cofactor that is critical to the catalytic function of several key enzymes in intermediary metabolism that are found in all domains of life. There are two pathways to lipoyl-modified proteins. The de novo pathway from octanoylacyl carrier protein (ACP) involves the consecutive action of LipB and LipA (Fig. 2A), and the LplA-dependent salvage pathway activates and trans...

Opening a new DOR to autophagy.

Despite a significant body of literature identifying the main regulators of autophagy in model organisms, there are gaps in our understanding of the precise molecular and biochemical modulators that control this adaptive process in metazoans. Two studies in this issue of EMBO reports provide new insight into the autophagic process. Mauvezin and colleagues (2010) show that a nuclear protein, kno...

Veterinary Pharmacy, a Dismissed Necessity